We asked scientists - employed at various universities - who are actively working on bringing new inventions to the market. What kind of conditions are conducive to this? And what are the results of their efforts? The first to speak is Professor Maarten Steinbuch, Professor of Systems and Control at the Eindhoven University of Technology four days a week, and an entrepreneur one day a week.
Early in his career, professor Maarten Steinbuch was invited to speak at a conference in Norway and told he would be paid for it. This presented him with a dilemma. He could give the money to his department – which felt a bit like adding a drop to the ocean – or keep it himself to spend how he saw fit. If he were to do that, however, Steinbuch felt he should also pay for his own expenses and attend the conference in his own time rather than that of his boss. He decided to resign his position for one day in the week and on that day earn his own money.
Just do it
“That is still my number one advice”, he says, when scientists with entrepreneurial ambitions ask him what to do. You cannot be an entrepreneur on someone else’s time or dime. Part-time resignation from your day job is both fair and transparent to your employer (helping avoid conflicts) ánd will make you a better (for being a real) entrepreneur. There is nothing like having to send an invoice to make you think about your customers. Who are they? What do they need? Will they pay for it?
In a sense, researchers and entrepreneurs have more in common than you may think. Both need to be self-starters with an intrinsic drive, a long-term vision and persistence. The big difference is that entrepreneurs must curb their curiosity and focus, focus, focus. Where being almost perennially unsure may be a prerequisite for a PhD student, it can paralyze entrepreneurs. At some point they must stop thinking and start doing – and putting themselves in that position will help researchers feel that urgency and develop the mindset of an entrepreneur.
With a good team, a day a week is enough for a scientist to help build a successful venture. The university, too, will benefit. Being an entrepreneur, even part-time, makes researchers better at listening to industry and society, understanding their needs and collaborating effectively in (open) innovation that creates value and impact.
Accelerating co-creation
Universities could do with more of that, Steinbuch feels. Our thinking is still too much inside-out. Rather than generating knowledge and then transferring it to existing or new businesses, we should organize ourselves for (accelerating) co-creation. That requires what Steinbuch calls the 4th Generation University (the previous generations being the education-focused original as started in Bologna, the research university in the Humboldt mould and the Cambridge model including R&D-commercialization as an explicit goal). Steinbuch envisions an institution devoted to education and open innovation as the physical nexus of an (local) ecosystem of professionals, scientists, entrepreneurs, artists, customers, etc. that meet, mingle and innovate together. His ideas have resulted in Eindhoven Engine, a joint venture between Fontys University of Applied Sciences, independent research institute TNO and Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e). Established two years ago, Steinbuch’s brainchild – that he manages together with Katja Pahnke – already has more than 150 people working on some 15 projects centred around Eindhoven’s High Tech and university campuses. Partners include ASML, Philips, Signify, VDL, NXP, NTS and Brainport Eindhoven. In Eindhoven Engine, and 4th generation universities in general, it is all about co-location and co-creation, unleashing collective intelligence.
Another promising approach to accelerate co-creation, Steinbuch says, is HighTechXL. It started as a high-tech startup accelerator in 2015 and has since transitioned into a venture builder, picking up ideas at institutes and companies such as CERN, TNO, ESA and Philips, as well as universities, and providing them with a seasoned team, hands-on support and (access to) funding. HighTechXL is located on the High Tech Campus.
Finally, Steinbuch sees a crucial role for technology transfer offices like the newly formed The Gate to proactively scout ideas within universities and research institutes – much like HighTechXL does – and do everything they can to help develop these ideas into spin-out or existing companies. Still too often, we are reactive and needlessly restrictive: waiting for would-be entrepreneurs and their startups to emerge from university research and then focusing on negotiating terms for them to use university IP and receive support – where we should be focusing on accelerating their development and getting as much university know-how and IP out there as possible. Steinbuch sees this change, however, and for the better. For example, recent startups have been offered licensing deals rather than see the university claim a large chunk of shares.
Industry’s long-term conscience
Besides providing innovation spaces, psychological and physical, for co-creation and proactively driving the use of their knowledge and technology, Steinbuch views the role of universities as more fundamental. They are “the long-term conscience of industry”. They can point the way to what science can do and society will need in the future and help companies formulate their strategic agenda and R&D priorities. That includes helping companies disrupt themselves. Eindhoven Engine is meant to do just that. In a sense, it replaces the corporate labs of the past, like Philips’ NatLab, where there were no boundaries between disciplines and basic research informed and interacted with the development of technological applications and new products. Companies station teams there to work with researchers from university and institutes like TNO on, for example, new technology and applications for semiconductors and automated driving. The results can either be integrated into companies’ own operations or spun-out, like ASML’s Lighthouse technology to produce a much-used medical isotope outside a nuclear reactor.
“And don’t forget the universities of applied sciences”, Steinbuch stresses. It is already not easy to convince corporates to invest resources in co-creation – their own researchers or funding for PhD’s – and much harder to involve SMEs. They typically don’t have an R&D-department large enough to free up capacity to join in research and absorb results or the resources to hire a senior thought leader. Steinbuch therefore sees a major role for Dutch universities of applied sciences in conducting research for and with SMEs.
For some universities “industry” is still a term charged with negative connotations. Yet, the questions companies struggle with are essentially the same as the great challenges societies face. Because economic value stems from solving these challenges, companies and especially technical universities have long been involved in similar research. Steinbuch thinks the 4TU.Federation of technical universities could lead the way for other (general) universities to follow.
Role models
Steinbuch in any case is a great believer in leading by example and the power of role models. Universities should make room for such role models: scientists with entrepreneurial side-activities and success. Allow researchers to quit their job part-time to start and/or work with businesses. Make it easy, value and encourage it – but don’t force it on everyone. According to Steinbuch about 10-20% of researchers “have the itch” and we should leave the rest alone.
What more could Techleap and others do? Showcase success, like the work Techleap does for scaleups, the great work of regional development companies in times of COVID (a Venture Capital) approach, bigger tickets) and initiatives like the Academic Startup Competition organized by the association of Dutch universities VSNU, the Academy of Technology and Innovation (AcTI) and Techleap. Share experiences and best practices, e.g. by organizing a conference for TTOs and role models. And stress to politics how important it is to accelerate co-creation and specifically tailor funding instruments like the Growth Fund and InvestNL to that purpose.
Three takeaways for further contemplation and discussion:
- While it is eminently possible to be a researcher and entrepreneur at the same time, should we create more opportunities to not be both in the same time (e.g. part-time appointments)?
- Should we think of technology transfer less as a transactional, outbound process and more in terms of co-creation and co-location – i.e. bring the outside world inside our (4G) universities?
- Can we do more to identify and promote role models and success stories?
Biography
Prof. dr. ir. Maarten Steinbuch is professor in Systems and Control and Chair of Control Systems Technology at Eindhoven University of Technology and Scientific Director of the Eindhoven Engine. After graduating and completing his PhD at Delft University of Technology, he spent over a decade at Philips Research before becoming a full professor in Eindhoven in 1999. His research interests range from automotive engineering (with a focus on electric and autonomous vehicles) to mechatronics, robotics for high-precision surgery, motion control and fusion plasma control. Maarten has published hundreds of highly cited papers that have earned him an H-index of >35 in ISI Web of Science and 58 in Google Scholar (i10-index of 267). He was awarded the first Academic Society Award of the Royal Dutch Institute of Engineers (KIVI) in 2015 and in 2016 was hailed as Simon Stevin Master, the highest Dutch award for scientific technological research. He is an IEEE Fellow (Institute of Electrical and Electronical Engineers).
Maarten has always focused on both basic research and technology commercialization. He holds nine patents and has co-founded seven companies in mechatronics (MI-Partners, Mechatronics Academy), precision surgical robotics (Eindhoven Medical Robotics, Preceyes, Microsure), simulations (ZEnMo) and consulting (Steinbuch in Motion). He also has supervisory and advisory roles at Sioux Group, Nobleo Technology, Stepstone Corporate Finance+ and LUMO Labs and he is member of the board of NWO SIA. Maarten is a prolific speaker, blogger and opinion leader on innovation, the role of technology in society and a leading advocate of electric cars.
In almost every discipline, Dutch science is among the world's best. Turning this science into opportunity-rich solutions for our society and economy is more important than ever and involves a great deal. In the series 'Entrepreneurial Scientists’, we give the floor to researchers with a strong entrepreneurial spirit who are keen to share their experiences and vision with the outside world. Some of them have founded a start-up themselves, others inspire colleagues or students to be entrepreneurial or contribute in some other way to ensuring that Dutch knowledge and technology flows to the market. The series is an initiative of Techleap.nl in cooperation with Innovation Origins.
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